PUBLIC INFORMATION STATEMENT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE CLEVELAND OHIO
800 AM FRI NOV 22 2002

...OHIO WINTER SAFETY WEEK 2002: NOV 17TH THROUGH NOV 23RD... 
...PENNSYLVANIA WINTER INFORMATION WEEK: NOV 17TH THROUGH NOV 23RD...

THE NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE WILL FEATURE A DIFFERENT EDUCATIONAL
TOPIC EACH WEEK DAY DURING SAFETY WEEK. TODAYS TOPIC:

                    THE NEW WIND CHILL FORMULA.

THIS WINTER, THE NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE AND METEOROLOGICAL
SERVICES OF CANADA  WILL USE A NEW WIND CHILL TEMPERATURE INDEX,
DESIGNED TO CALCULATE A MORE ACCURATE READING OF HOW THE COLD AIR
FEELS ON THE HUMAN SKIN.

SINCE 1945, THE UNITED STATES AND CANADA HAVE USED AN INDEX,
WHICH RELIED ON OBSERVED WINDS 33 FEET ABOVE THE GROUND, AND
FOCUSED ON HOW FAST THE COLD TEMPERATURES COMBINED WITH WINDS
MADE WATER FREEZE. THE NEW INDEX ACCOUNTS FOR THE WIND EFFECTS AT
FACE LEVEL, AND A BETTER CALCULATION FOR BODY HEAT LOSS. FOR
EXAMPLE, UNDER THE OLD INDEX SYSTEM, A TEMPERATURE OF 20 DEGREES,
WITH A 15 MPH WIND, TRANSLATED INTO A READING OF FIVE DEGREES
BELOW ZERO. THE NEW INDEX CALCULATION WOULD TRANSLATE THE SAME
CONDITIONS TO SIX DEGREES ABOVE ZERO.

THE NEW INDEX IS BASED ON: 
     -    WIND SPEED CALCULATED AT THE AVERAGE HEIGHT OF THE
          HUMAN FACE, ABOUT FIVE FEET (THE HUMAN FACE IS MOST
          OFTEN EXPOSED TO THE COLD). 
     -    UPDATED HEAT TRANSFER THEORY, WHICH FACTORS HEAT LOSS
          FROM THE BODY TO ITS SURROUNDINGS DURING COLD, WINDY
          DAYS. 
     -    A CONSISTENT STANDARD FOR SKIN TISSUE RESISTENCE. 
     -    CLEAR NIGHT SKY CONDITIONS. 
     -    A LOWERED CALM WIND THRESHOLD FROM FOUR MILES TO THREE
          MILES. 

TO OBTAIN MORE INFORMATION ON THE WIND CHILL CHANGE, VIEW THE WEB
SITE HTTP://205.156.54.206/OM/WINDCHILL/INDEX.SHTML. 





PUBLIC INFORMATION STATEMENT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE CLEVELAND OHIO
800 AM EST THU NOV 21 2002

...OHIO WINTER SAFETY WEEK 2002: NOV 17TH THROUGH NOV 23RD... 
...PENNSYLVANIA WINTER INFORMATION WEEK: NOV 17TH THROUGH NOV 23RD...

THE NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE WILL FEATURE A DIFFERENT EDUCATIONAL
TOPIC EACH WEEK DAY DURING SAFETY WEEK. TODAYS TOPIC:

              BE SAFE...DURING (AND AFTER) THE STORM. 

NORMALLY...WHEN A WINTER STORM IS IMMINENT...THE NATIONAL WEATHER
SERVICE WILL ISSUE A WINTER STORM WARNING OR BLIZZARD WARNING 6 TO 18
HOURS BEFORE THE STORM STRIKES. A WINTER STORM WARNING MEANS THAT
SEVERE WINTER WEATHER SUCH AS HEAVY SNOW...SIGNIFICANT FREEZING
RAIN...OR HEAVY SLEET IS EXPECTED. A BLIZZARD WARNING MEANS THAT
SUSTAINED OR GUSTY WINDS OF 35 MPH OR MORE ARE EXPECTED TO REDUCE
VISIBILITY AT OR BELOW A QUARTER OF A MILE DUE TO FALLING AND/OR
BLOWING SNOW FOR AT LEAST THREE HOURS.

THE ISSUANCE OF THE WINTER STORM WARNING IS YOUR SIGNAL TO TAKE STEPS
NECESSARY TO KEEP YOU...YOUR FAMILY AND ASSOCIATED PETS OR ANIMALS
SAFE DURING THE STORM.

ALL UNNECESSARY TRAVEL SHOULD BE DELAYED UNTIL THE STORM IS OVER.
SEVENTY PERCENT OF ALL DEATHS DURING SNOW AND ICE STORMS OCCUR IN 
VEHICLES! IF YOU GET STRANDED IN YOUR VEHICLE AND SHELTER IS NOT 
VISIBLE NEARBY THEN STAY WITH YOUR VEHICLE... 

   -RUN THE MOTOR FOR ABOUT TEN MINUTES EACH HOUR FOR HEAT. KEEP THE
   TAIL PIPE FREE FROM SNOW AND OPEN THE WINDOW SLIGHTLY FROM TIME TO
   TIME TO LET IN FRESH AIR.
   -MAKE YOURSELF VISIBLE BY TURNING ON THE DOME LIGHT WHILE THE 
ENGINE    IS RUNNING AND TIE A COLORED (RED) CLOTH TO YOUR ANTENNA 
OR DOOR.    -EXERCISE OCCASIONALLY BY VIGOROUSLY MOVING ARMS, LEGS, 
FINGERS, AND    TOES TO KEEP YOUR BLOOD CIRCULATING.

THE SAFEST PLACE DURING A WINTER STORM IS INDOORS. IF YOUR REGULAR 
HEAT SOURCE FAILS...
   -USE ALTERNATIVE HEAT SOURCES SUCH AS WOOD STOVES OR SPACE HEATERS
   BUT BE VERY CAREFUL. THE INCIDENCE OF FIRE INCREASES WHEN USING
   ALTERNATIVE HEAT. HAVE A FIRE EXTINGUISHER CLOSE BY.
   -CLOSE OFF UNNEEDED ROOMS AND STUFF TOWELS OR RAGS IN CRACKS 
   UNDER DOORS.
   -COVER WINDOWS AT NIGHT.
   -EAT AND DRINK REGULARLY TO KEEP YOUR BODY TEMPERATURE UP AND 
   PREVENT DEHYDRATION.

PROVIDE FOR PETS AND FARM ANIMALS BY MAKING SURE THEY HAVE SHELTER
AND PLENTY OF FOOD AND FRESH WATER AVAILABLE. 

MOST DEATHS AND INJURIES DURING WINTER STORMS CAN BE PREVENTED!
OVER EXERTION IN THE COLD KILLS MANY PEOPLE. THE HEART AND BLOOD
VESSELS CONSTRICT IN COLD CONDITIONS TO PRESERVE BODY HEAT. TOO MUCH
EXERTION CAN CAUSE A HEART ATTACK. NO ONE DIED IN OHIO AND NORTHWEST 
PENNSYLVANIA DURING THE "BLIZZARD OF '93" BUT AT LEAST SIX PEOPLE 
DIED AFTERWARDS FROM SHOVELING SNOW.

WHEN SHOVELING SNOW OR DOING OTHER ACTIVITIES IN THE COLD YOU SHOULD
ALWAYS SET A SLOW PACE. TAKE FREQUENT BREAKS AND WARM YOURSELF
REGULARLY. 

SWEATING CAN LEAD TO HYPOTHERMIA (LOW BODY TEMPERATURE). THE SIGNS
OF HYPOTHERMIA INCLUDE UNCONTROLLABLE SHIVERING, DISORIENTATION,
SLURRED SPEECH, AND DROWSINESS OR EXHAUSTION. IF THE BODY TEMPERATURE
HAS DROPPED BELOW 95 F SEEK IMMEDIATE MEDICAL HELP.

FROSTBITE CAN ALSO OCCUR FROM EXPOSURE TO THE COLD. FROSTBITE CAUSES
A LOSS OF FEELING AND USUALLY OCCURS IN EXTREMITIES SUCH AS TOES OR
FINGERS FIRST. 

WHEN TREATING HYPOTHERMIA OR FROSTBITE ALWAYS MAKE SURE THE
AFFECTED AREA IS DRY AND THEN WARM IT SLOWLY USING BLANKETS! A PERSON
SUFFERING FROM HYPOTHERMIA MUST HAVE THEIR CHEST...NECK AND HEAD
WARMED FIRST. 

WHEN SPENDING TIME OUTDOORS IN THE COLD WEAR SEVERAL LAYERS OF LOOSE-
FITTING...LIGHT WEIGHT...WARM CLOTHING. YOU CAN REMOVE LAYERS TO 
AVOID PERSPIRATION, AND SUBSEQUENT CHILL.



PUBLIC INFORMATION STATEMENT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE CLEVELAND OHIO
800 AM EST WED NOV 20 2002

...OHIO WINTER SAFETY WEEK 2002: NOV 17TH THROUGH NOV 23RD...
...PENNSYLVANIA WINTER INFORMATION WEEK: NOV 17TH THROUGH NOV 23RD...

THE NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE WILL FEATURE A DIFFERENT EDUCATIONAL
TOPIC EACH WEEK DAY DURING SAFETY WEEK. TODAY'S TOPIC:

              BE PREPARED...BEFORE THE STORM STRIKES!

NORMALLY...WHEN A WINTER STORM IS EXPECTED...THE NATIONAL WEATHER
SERVICE WILL ISSUE A WINTER STORM WATCH 12 TO 36 HOURS IN ADVANCE. A
WINTER STORM WATCH MEANS THAT CONDITIONS EXIST FOR THE POSSIBLE
OCCURRENCE OF SEVERE WINTER WEATHER SUCH AS BLIZZARD
CONDITIONS...HEAVY SNOW...SIGNIFICANT FREEZING RAIN...OR HEAVY SLEET.

THE ISSUANCE OF THE WINTER STORM WATCH IS YOUR SIGNAL TO PREPARE FOR
THE STORM NOW. ONCE THE STORM BEGINS, TRAVEL MAY BE TOO DANGEROUS OR
IMPOSSIBLE.

PREPARING AT HOME (AND AT WORK)...

REMAINING INDOORS PROTECTED FROM THE ELEMENTS IS THE SAFEST PLACE
DURING A WINTER STORM. THE PRIMARY CONCERN OF INDOOR SHELTER IS THE
POTENTIAL LOSS OF HEAT...POWER...TELEPHONE SERVICE AND A SHORTAGE OF
SUPPLIES IF THE STORM PERSISTS FOR MORE THAN A DAY.

HAVE AVAILABLE:
   -FLASHLIGHT WITH EXTRA BATTERIES;
   -BATTERY POWERED NOAA WEATHER RADIO AND PORTABLE RADIO;
   -EXTRA FOOD AND WATER, ESPECIALLY HIGH ENERGY FOOD THAT REQUIRES
    NO COOKING OR REFRIGERATION SUCH AS DRIED FRUIT AND CANNED GOODS
    (DON'T FORGET THE NON-ELECTRIC CAN OPENER);
   -MEDICINE, FIRST AID SUPPLIES, AND AMPLE BABY SUPPLIES;    
-EMERGENCY HEATING SOURCE, SUCH AS A STOCKED FIREPLACE, WOOD 
STOVE,     OR SPACE HEATER.
   -SMOKE DETECTOR AND FIRE EXTINGUISHER, THE CHANCE OF FIRE 
INCREASES     DRAMATICALLY USING ALTERNATIVE HEATING!

DON'T FORGET...YOU MAY NOT BE AT HOME WHEN THE STORM STRIKES! HAVE
EMERGENCY SUPPLIES AVAILABLE AT YOUR PLACE OF WORK.

PREPARING THE CAR OR TRUCK...

ABOUT 70% OF DEATHS DURING AN ICE OR SNOW STORM OCCUR IN A VEHICLE! 
IF YOU WONDER IF YOU SHOULD ATTEMPT TO TRAVEL...THEN DON'T! IF YOU 
MUST TRAVEL...THEN ALLOW EXTRA TIME. REDUCE YOUR SPEED AND DO NOT 
ATTEMPT TO MAKE SUDDEN TURNS OR STOPS. WINTERIZE THE VEHICLE SO IT 
WILL BE RELIABLE. THIS INCLUDES A GOOD SET OF TIRES. OTHER ITEMS 
NECESSARY FOR THE CAR OR TRUCK INCLUDE:
   
   -DRY BLANKET(S) OR SLEEPING BAG;
   -EXTRA DRY CLOTHING;
   -FLASHLIGHT WITH EXTRA BATTERIES;
   -HIGH CALORIE NON-PERISHABLE FOOD;
   -SNOW SHOVEL, WINDSHIELD SCRAPER, AND BRUSH;
   -SACK OF SAND, ROCK SALT, OR KITTY LITTER FOR TRACTION;
   -BOOSTER CABLES;
   -FIRST AID KIT AND A SMALL CONTAINER FOR WATER;
   -MAPS, COMPASS, KNIFE, AND WATER PROOF MATCHES.

ON THE FARM: ANIMALS MUST BE MOVED TO SHELTERED AREAS. EXTRA FEED
SHOULD BE HAULED NEARBY FOR EASY ACCESS. HAVE PLENTY OF WATER
AVAILABLE AND MAKE SURE IT DOES NOT FREEZE. MOST ANIMAL DEATHS DURING
WINTER STORMS OCCUR FROM DEHYDRATION.

KEEP ABREAST OF THE LATEST NWS WEATHER FORECAST. LISTEN TO NOAA
WEATHER RADIO AND YOUR LOCAL RADIO AND TV STATION FOR UPDATED STORM
INFORMATION. BEING PREPARED BEFORE THE STORM HITS WILL KEEP YOU AND
YOUR FAMILY FROM UNNECESSARY RISK!




PUBLIC INFORMATION STATEMENT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE CLEVELAND OHIO
600 AM EST TUE NOV 19 2002

...OHIO WINTER SAFETY WEEK 2002: NOVEMBER 17TH THROUGH NOVEMBER 
23RD......PENNSYLVANIA WINTER INFORMATION WEEK: NOVEMBER 17TH 
THROUGH NOVEMBER 23RD...

THE NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE WILL FEATURE A DIFFERENT EDUCATIONAL
TOPIC EACH WEEK DAY DURING SAFETY WEEK. TODAYS TOPIC:

        NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE WINTER FORECAST TERMINOLOGY.

FREEZING RAIN: RAIN THAT FREEZES UPON CONTACT WITH A COLD SURFACE.

SLEET: SOLID GRAINS OF ICE THAT FORM FROM RAIN THAT FREEZES BEFORE
REACHING THE GROUND. THESE PELLETS OF ICE TEND TO BOUNCE UPON CONTACT
AND MAY ACCUMULATE ENOUGH TO COVER THE GROUND...EVEN TO A DEPTH OF
SEVERAL INCHES. 

SNOW SQUALL: AN INTENSE FALL OF ACCUMULATING SNOW...REDUCING
VISIBILITY SIGNIFICANTLY AND OFTEN ACCOMPANIED BY INCREASED WINDS.

HEAVY SNOW: 6 INCHES OR MORE OF SNOW IN 24 HOURS FOR WIDESPREAD 
(SYNOPTIC) SNOW AND 6 INCHES IN 12 HOURS FOR LAKE EFFECT SNOW. 

JUST AS WITH SUMMER WEATHER...THE NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE ATTEMPTS 
TO ISSUE A WATCH TO ALERT THE PUBLIC OF THE POTENTIAL FOR SEVERE 
WINTER WEATHER.

WINTER STORM WATCH: CONDITIONS EXIST FOR THE POSSIBLE OCCURRENCE OF
SEVERE WINTER WEATHER SUCH AS BLIZZARD CONDITIONS...HEAVY 
SNOW...SIGNIFICANT FREEZING RAIN OR HEAVY SLEET. USUALLY ISSUED 12 
TO 36 HOURS IN ADVANCE OF THE WINTER STORM.

A WARNING IS ISSUED TO ALERT THE PUBLIC OF IMMINENT SEVERE WINTER
WEATHER. NORMALLY A WARNING IS ISSUED AFTER A WINTER STORM WATCH HAS
BEEN IN EFFECT. IF A WINTER STORM DEVELOPS QUICKLY THEN THE WARNING
MAY NOT HAVE BEEN PRECEDED BY A WATCH.

WINTER STORM WARNING: ISSUED WHEN HEAVY SNOW, SIGNIFICANT FREEZING 
RAIN, OR HEAVY SLEET IS EXPECTED TO OCCUR. USUALLY ISSUED 6 TO 18 
HOURS IN ADVANCE OF THE WINTER STORM.

BLIZZARD WARNING: ISSUED WHEN SUSTAINED OR GUSTY WINDS OF 35 MPH OR 
MORE ARE EXPECTED TO REDUCE VISIBILITY AT OR BELOW A QUARTER OF A 
MILE DUE TO FALLING AND/OR BLOWING SNOW FOR AT LEAST THREE HOURS.

WINTER STORM WARNING FOR LAKE EFFECT SNOW: ISSUED WHEN
HEAVY...PRIMARILY LAKE EFFECT SNOW IS EXPECTED. LAKE SNOW IS MOST
COMMON OVER EXTREME NORTHEAST OHIO AND NORTHWEST PENNSYLVANIA.

WIND CHILL WARNING: ISSUED FOR WIND CHILLS BELOW -25 DEGREES
FAHRENHEIT.

A LESS SEVERE WINTER WEATHER EVENT WILL PROMPT THE ISSUANCE OF AN
ADVISORY. AN ADVISORY IS NAMED SPECIFIC TO THE WEATHER EVENT EXPECTED
AND ISSUED WHEN THE EVENT IS EXPECTED TO BE WIDESPREAD. TRAVEL BY 
FOOT OR VEHICLE MAY BE DANGEROUS DURING AN ADVISORY EVEN IF THE 
WINTER WEATHER IS NOT EXPECTED TO REACH WINTER STORM CRITERIA. SOME 
EXAMPLES OF ADVISORIES:

WINTER WEATHER ADVISORY FOR SNOW: A FALL OF SNOW WITHIN 12 HOURS OF
USUALLY 3 TO 5 INCHES.

WINTER WEATHER ADVISORY FOR LAKE EFFECT SNOW: A SNOWFALL OF 3 TO 5
INCHES OF PRIMARILY LAKE EFFECT SNOW OVER THE SNOWBELTS OF NORTHEAST
OHIO AND NORTHWEST PENNSYLVANIA. 

WINTER WEATHER ADVISORY FOR FREEZING RAIN: A GLAZE OF ICE EXPECTED
FROM FREEZING RAIN THAT MAY HAMPER TRAVEL.

WINTER WEATHER ADVISORY FOR BLOWING AND DRIFTING SNOW: BLOWING AND
DRIFTING SNOW WILL OCCASIONALLY REDUCE VISIBILITY TO AN EIGHTH OF A
MILE OR LESS WITH SIGNIFICANT DRIFTING IN OPEN AREAS.

WIND CHILL ADVISORY: WIND CHILL TEMPERATURES ARE EXPECTED TO BE 10
TO 25 BELOW ZERO FOR AN EXTENDED TIME.

DENSE FOG ADVISORY: DENSE FOG THAT REDUCES VISIBILITY TO LESS THAN 
1/4 OF A MILE.

WINTER WEATHER ADVISORY: ISSUED WHEN TWO OR MORE OF THE ABOVE
ADVISORY CONDITIONS ARE EXPECTED.

IF YOU NEED MORE INFORMATION ON WINTER WEATHER FORECAST TERMINOLOGY
PLEASE CONTACT THE NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE AT 216-265-2370.



PUBLIC INFORMATION STATEMENT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE CLEVELAND OHIO
600 AM EST MON NOV 15 2002

...OHIO WINTER SAFETY WEEK 2002: NOVEMBER 17TH THROUGH NOVEMBER 
23RD......PENNSYLVANIA WINTER INFORMATION WEEK: NOVEMBER 17TH 
THROUGH NOVEMBER 23RD...

THE NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE WILL FEATURE A DIFFERENT EDUCATIONAL 
TOPIC EACH WEEK DAY DURING SAFETY WEEK. TODAYS TOPIC:

CLIMATOLOGY OF OHIO AND NORTHWEST PENNSYLVANIA WINTER WEATHER AND 
SOURCES OF WEATHER INFORMATION.

AS WE MOVE INTO LATE FALL...IT IS ONCE AGAIN TIME TO REFRESH YOUR 
MEMORY ABOUT WINTER WEATHER HAZARDS AND HOW YOU CAN PLAN FOR THE LIFE
THREATENING SITUATIONS THAT WINTER WEATHER CAN BRING.

EACH YEAR...MANY PEOPLE TAKE WINTER WEATHER TOO LIGHTLY...WHICH OFTEN
RESULTS IN SERIOUS INJURY OR EVEN DEATH. 

THE MOST SIGNIFICANT SNOW IN NORTHERN OHIO AND NORTHWEST 
PENNSYLVANIA LAST YEAR WAS ESSENTIALLY ASSOCIATED WITH LAKE EFFECT 
SNOW EVENTS. SEVERAL LARGE ACCUMULATIONS OF SNOW OCCURRED IN THE 
SNOWBELT FROM NOVEMBER THROUGH THE THE FIRST PORTION OF JANUARY AND 
THEN AGAIN IN MARCH. 

MANY PEOPLE STILL REMEMBER THE BLIZZARDS THAT STRUCK THE STATE IN 
MARCH OF 1993 AND JANUARY OF 1978. THESE STORMS WERE DEADLY 
REMINDERS OF HOW DANGEROUS WINTER STORMS CAN BE.  

DURING THIS WEEK, PLEASE TAKE SOME TIME TO READ AND LISTEN TO
INFORMATION ABOUT WINTER STORMS AND WINTER WEATHER TERMINOLOGY. MORE
IMPORTANTLY, PLEASE REVIEW HOW YOU CAN PROTECT YOURSELF FROM EXTREME
COLD...SNOW AND OTHER WINTER HAZARDS. 

SNOW ACROSS OHIO AND NORTHWEST PENNSYLVANIA GENERALLY OCCURS IN TWO 
WAYS: 

1...FROM ORGANIZED WEATHER SYSTEMS THAT CROSS OVER OR NEAR THE 
REGION. DURING A TYPICAL WINTER...THESE WEATHER SYSTEMS BRING A 
NUMBER OF SMALL SNOWFALLS OF 2 INCHES OR LESS. SEVERAL TIMES A YEAR 
THE REGION MAY BE THREATENED BY A WELL DEVELOPED STORM SYSTEM THAT 
HAS THE POTENTIAL TO PRODUCE HEAVIER SNOW OF 6 INCHES OR MORE. STORM 
SYSTEMS CAN BE DIFFICULT TO PREDICT AT TIMES. A SMALL SHIFT IN THE 
STORM TRACK CAN MEAN THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN SHOVELING AND PARTLY 
CLOUDY SKIES.

2...LAKE EFFECT SNOW OCCURS WHEN VERY COLD AIR FLOWS ACROSS THE GREAT
LAKES DURING THE WINTER MONTHS AND ABSORBS MOISTURE. THE MOISTURE IS
THEN CONDENSED OUT EAST AND SOUTH OF THE GREAT LAKES. THE RESULT IS 
CLOUDINESS AND SNOW SHOWERS. THIS "LAKE EFFECT" SNOW ADDS 
SUBSTANTIALLY TO THE WINTER SNOWFALL ACROSS PORTIONS OF NORTHEAST 
OHIO AND NORTHWEST PENNSYLVANIA. 

OVER PORTIONS OF OUR REGION...HEAVY AMOUNTS OF LAKE EFFECT SNOW
CAN OCCUR. THE CLOSE PROXIMITY TO LAKE ERIE AND THE HIGHER TERRAIN OF
NORTHEAST OHIO AND NORTHWEST PENNSLYVANIA CAUSES SUBSTANTIAL LAKE 
EFFECT SNOW DURING COLD OUTBREAKS. MUCH OF THIS REGION RECEIVES OVER 
40 INCHES OF SNOW DURING A TYPICAL WINTER. PARTS OF THE "SNOWBELT" 
OF EXTREME NORTHEAST OHIO AND NORTHWEST PENNSYLVANIA RECEIVE OVER 
100 INCHES OF SNOW EACH SEASON.

OHIO/NORTHWEST PENNSYLVANIA SNOWFALL (INCHES): 

                                    AVERAGE  
AKRON-CANTON ....................... 47.4 ...... 
CHESAPEAKE OH/HUNTINGTON WV ........ 26.5 ......
CINCINNATI OH/COVINGTON KY ......... 22.9 ...... 
CLEVELAND .......................... 55.8 ......      
COLUMBUS ........................... 27.5 ...... 
DAYTON ............................. 27.4 ......  
MANSFIELD .......................... 42.1 ...... 
TOLEDO ............................. 37.1 ...... 
YOUNGSTOWN ......................... 56.2 ...... 
ERIE PA ............................ 86.6 ...... 


NOTE: RECORDS ARE TAKEN AT LOCAL AIRPORTS AND NORMAL IS BASED ON 30 
YEAR AVERAGES FROM THE MOST RECENT STATISTICS AVAILABLE.

DAILY WEATHER INFORMATION IS AVAILABLE 24 HOURS A DAY FROM THE 
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE. FORECASTS FOR OHIO AND NORTHWEST 
PENNSYLVANIA ARE REGULARLY ISSUED 4 TIMES A DAY AND UPDATED AS OFTEN 
AS NECESSARY. 

NOAA WEATHER RADIO IS PRODUCED AND GENERATED AT WEATHER OFFICES 
ACROSS OHIO, PENNSLYVANIA AND AROUND THE NATION. WEATHER INFORMATION 
IS DISTRIBUTED ON SPECIAL FM FREQUENCIES (162.400, 162.425, 162.450, 
162.475, 162.500 162.525, 162.550 MHZ) FROM SEVERAL TRANSMITTER 
SITES IN AND AROUND OHIO AND PENNSYLVANIA. 

SPECIALLY DESIGNED WEATHER RADIOS ARE AUTOMATICALLY ALARMED AND
ACTIVATED BY THE LOCAL NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE OFFICE WHEN A SEVERE
WEATHER WARNING IS ISSUED. IN THIS WAY...YOU CAN BE ALERTED TO SEVERE
WEATHER WARNINGS ALMOST IMMEDIATELY!  

THESE WEATHER RADIOS ARE AVAILABLE AT LOCAL ELECTRONICS RETAILERS
OR AS A SPECIAL FREQUENCY ON CERTAIN AM/FM RADIOS.

NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE FORECASTS ARE ALSO AVAILABLE ON CABLE 
TELEVISION ON THE WEATHER CHANNEL AND VARIOUS OTHER STATIONS. 
FORECASTS ARE USUALLY AVAILABLE THROUGH OTHER LOCAL MEDIA OUTLETS. 
SOME CITIES HAVE NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE FORECASTS AVAILABLE BY 
PHONE. 

NWS FORECASTS CAN ALSO BE FOUND ON THE INTERNET. FORECASTS FOR 
NORTHERN OHIO AND NORTHWEST PENNSYLVANIA CAN BE FOUND ON THE NWS 
CLEVELAND WEBSITE WHICH IS HTTP://WWW.ERH.NOAA.GOV/ER/CLE/.  

GARY GARNET...WARNING AND COORDINATION METEOROLOGIST...NWS CLEVELAND